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哈尔滨市军人抚恤优待办法

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哈尔滨市军人抚恤优待办法

黑龙江省哈尔滨市人民政府


哈尔滨市人民政府令



第3号




  《哈尔滨市军人抚恤优待办法》已经2012年5月11日市人民政府第6次常务会议通过,现予发布,自2012年7月1日起施行。





                                市长:宋希斌

                                二〇一二年五月二十七日





哈尔滨市军人抚恤优待办法





  第一章 总则



  第一条 为了规范军人抚恤优待工作,维护抚恤优待对象合法权益,根据《军人抚恤优待条例》、《烈士褒扬条例》等有关规定,结合本市实际,制定本办法。




  第二条 在本市行政区域内的中国人民解放军(含人民武装警察部队)现役军人,具有本市户籍的退出现役的残疾军人、复员军人、退伍军人和烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、现役军人家属的抚恤优待,适用本办法。




  第三条 市民政部门负责全市军人抚恤优待的管理、指导和监督工作。
  区、县(市)民政部门负责本辖区内军人抚恤优待的日常管理工作。
  财政、人力资源和社会保障、住房保障和房产管理、卫生、交通运输、教育等有关行政管理部门应当按照各自职责,做好军人抚恤优待相关工作。




  第四条 军人抚恤优待经费应当纳入年度财政预算,实行专账管理,专款专用。
  鼓励社会组织和个人对军人抚恤优待事业提供捐赠。捐赠款物由市和区、县(市)民政部门依法接收、管理,并专项用于军人抚恤优待事业。
  财政、审计、监察等部门应当按照职责,对军人抚恤优待经费和捐赠款物的管理、使用情况实施监督。



  第二章 抚恤



  第五条 现役军人死亡被批准为烈士、被确认为因公牺牲或者病故的,其遗属户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门应当在收到批准机关发给的《烈士通知书》或者确认机关发给的《因公牺牲军人通知书》、《病故军人通知书》之日起三个月内,按照国家和省规定的发放顺序和标准,分别发给遗属《中华人民共和国烈士证明书》、《中华人民共和国军人因公牺牲证明书》、《中华人民共和国军人病故证明书》和烈士褒扬金、一次性抚恤金。




  第六条 申请享受定期抚恤的烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属,应当分别持《中华人民共和国烈士证明书》、《中华人民共和国军人因公牺牲证明书》、《中华人民共和国军人病故证明书》和户口簿、身份证、无生活来源或者无劳动能力证明等材料,到户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门办理登记手续。
  对符合条件的,区或者县(市)民政部门应当自受理之日起十五个工作日内予以登记,核发《黑龙江省优抚对象抚恤补助证》,自发证次月起按国家规定标准向遗属发放定期抚恤金;对不符合条件的不予登记,并书面说明理由。




  第七条 残疾军人退出现役或者经批准由部队向政府移交的,应当自军队办理退役手续或者移交手续后六十日内,持户口簿、《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》、《军人残疾等级评定表》或者《换领〈中华人民共和国残疾军人证〉申报审批表》、退役证件或者移交政府安置的相关证明等材料,向户籍迁入地的区或者县(市)民政部门申请转入抚恤关系。




  第八条 区或者县(市)民政部门应当对残疾军人残疾情况及有关材料进行初审,对符合条件的,自受理申请之日起十五个工作日内将有关材料报送市民政部门复查。
  市民政部门对报送的材料进行复查,对符合条件的,自收到材料之日起十五个工作日内,将材料报送省民政部门审查。
  经省民政部门审查后,由区或者县(市)民政部门将省民政部门变更户籍地和重新编号的《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》发还申请人。




  第九条 经审核准予其迁入残疾抚恤关系的退出现役的残疾军人,当年的残疾抚恤金,由部队负责发放,次年一月起由户籍迁入地的区或者县(市)民政部门按照国家规定标准发放。




  第十条 现役军人因战因公致残,在服役期间未办理评定残疾等级,退出现役后或者医疗终结满三年后,本人(精神病患者由其利害关系人)申请补办评定残疾等级的,应当向户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门提交下列材料:
  (一)补办评定残疾等级书面申请;
  (二)户口簿、身份证;
  (三)退伍证明;
  (四)本人近期免冠照片;
  (五)服现役期间因战因公致残的档案记载或者军队军级以上单位卫生部门出具的原始医疗证明。




  第十一条 退出现役的残疾军人,残疾情况发生变化,原定残疾等级与残疾情况明显不符的,本人(精神病患者由其利害关系人)申请调整残疾等级的,应当向户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门提交下列材料:
  (一)调整残疾等级书面申请;
  (二)户口簿、身份证;
  (三)《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》;
  (四)与原残疾情况鉴定结论明显不符的六个月以内在二级甲等以上医院就诊的病历、医疗检查报告及诊断结论。




  第十二条 区或者县(市)民政部门审查认为申请符合因战因公负伤条件的,应当填写《评定、调整伤残等级审批表》,并签署意见,连同其他申请材料,自收到申请材料之日起十五个工作日内,报送市民政部门审查。




  第十三条 市民政部门对报送的材料审查后,对符合条件的,在《评定、调整伤残等级审批表》上签署意见,自收到材料之日起十五个工作日内,将材料报送省民政部门审核。


  第十四条 区或者县(市)民政部门应当及时通知申请人按照省民政部门确定的鉴定时间到指定的医疗卫生机构进行残疾情况鉴定,由医疗卫生机构根据《军人残疾等级评定标准》,出具残疾等级医学鉴定意见。




  第十五条 经省民政部门审核符合条件的,由区或者县(市)民政部门将省民政部门核准的《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》发给申请人。




  第十六条 残疾军人退出现役后补办评定残疾等级或者调整残疾等级的,自批准的次月起,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门按照国家规定标准发放残疾抚恤金。




  第十七条 按照国家规定标准享受生活补助的人员范围:
  (一)在乡退伍红军老战士(含在乡西路军红军老战士、红军失散人员);
  (二)在乡复员军人;
  (三)带病回乡退伍军人;
  (四)农村或者城镇无工作单位的参战参核退役人员。




  第十八条 申请享受生活补助的人员应当持书面申请、户口簿、身份证、复员或者退伍证明、本人档案等材料,向户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门提出申请。
  对符合条件的,区或者县(市)民政部门应当自受理之日起十五个工作日内予以登记,核发《黑龙江省优抚对象抚恤补助证》;对不符合条件的不予登记,并书面说明理由。




  第十九条 对在乡已故孤老残疾军人和孤老复员军人的配偶,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门参照在乡复员军人生活补助标准发放生活补助。
  生活补助所需经费由区或者县(市)财政负担。




  第二十条 对年收入(含定期抚恤金、残疾抚恤金、生活补助金)达不到当地平均生活水平的退出现役的残疾军人、在乡复员军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属,户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门可以按照不低于抚恤补助标准百分之二十的比例增发抚恤补助金或者采取其它方式予以补助。
  对年收入达到当地平均生活水平的属于孤老或者孤儿的烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属,户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门应当按照不低于定期抚恤标准百分之二十的比例增发定期抚恤金。
  增发或者补助所需经费由区或者县(市)财政负担。




  第二十一条 享受定期抚恤补助的抚恤优待对象在本市行政区域内迁移户口,申请办理抚恤补助关系转移的,迁出地的区或者县(市)民政部门应当自受理申请之日起十个工作日内出具证明,迁入地的区或者县(市)民政部门应当核实户口簿、《黑龙江省优抚对象抚恤补助证》、《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》等相关材料,并自受理申请之日起十个工作日内予以接收。
  享受定期抚恤补助的抚恤优待对象转移抚恤补助关系的,当年的抚恤补助金,由迁出地的区或者县(市)民政部门发放,次年一月起由迁入地的区或者县(市)民政部门发放。



  第三章 优待



  第二十二条 义务兵在服现役期间获得荣誉称号或者立功的,由入伍时户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门在省规定的义务兵家庭优待金标准基础上按照下列比例增发当年优待金:
  (一) 荣获中央军委奖励的,增发百分之三十;
  (二) 荣获大军区级奖励的,增发百分之二十五;
  (三) 立一等功的,增发百分之二十;
  (四) 立二等功的,增发百分之十五;
  (五) 立三等功的,增发百分之十;
  (六) 获优秀士兵的,增发百分之五。
  荣获两种以上奖励的,按照最高等级奖励的增发比例发放。
  增发所需经费由区或者县(市)财政负担。




  第二十三条 义务兵家庭优待金发放时间为每年十二月,由服役期满两年的退役士兵本人或者家属,持户口簿、入伍通知书、退伍证明和立功受奖证书等材料,到户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门一次性领取两年优待金及增发优待金。




  第二十四条 退出现役的一至六级残疾军人应当全部纳入医疗统筹,市区和县(市)的残疾军人按照规定分别执行市和县(市)离休干部医疗费统筹标准和管理办法。
  退出现役的七至十级残疾军人原残疾部位旧伤复发的医疗费用,已经参加工伤保险的,由工伤保险基金支付;未参加工伤保险的,有工作的由工作单位负担,无工作单位或者所在单位破产、关停或者解散无力支付的,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门从优抚对象医疗补助资金中解决。




  第二十五条 人力资源和社会保障部门、卫生部门应当将七至十级在乡残疾军人,享受定期抚恤补助的在乡复员军人、带病回乡退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、参战参核退役人员纳入城镇居民医疗保险或者新型农村合作医疗,按照规定享受有关医疗待遇,个人参保费用由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门在优抚对象医疗补助资金专用账户中予以报销。




  第二十六条 对七至十级在乡残疾军人,享受定期抚恤补助的在乡复员军人、带病回乡退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、参战参核退役人员,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门发放定点医院门诊医疗证,并按照规定标准划入门诊购药救助金。
  前款规定的抚恤优待对象住院费用,在按照规定享受城镇居民医疗保险或者新型农村合作医疗有关待遇后,个人自负部分再给予一定比例的补助。
  门诊购药救助金和住院医疗补助最低标准由市民政部门制定,区或者县(市)政府可以结合本地区实际制定高于市级的标准。




  第二十七条 现役军人凭有效证件、退出现役的残疾军人凭《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》,按照国家规定优先购票乘坐火车、轮船、长途客运汽车以及民航班机;残疾军人享受减收正常票价百分之五十的优待。
  市区残疾军人由交通运输管理部门负责办理城市通智能卡,县(市)和外地残疾军人凭《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》、义务兵凭《中国人民解放军士兵证》,免费乘坐市内公共汽车(含郊区线)、电车、轮渡和轨道交通工具。




  第二十八条 现役军人凭有效证件、残疾军人凭《中华人民共和国残疾军人证》,免费参观游览本市行政区域内的各类公园、纪念馆、科技馆、风景名胜区等。




  第二十九条 退役士兵、残疾军人和烈士、因公牺牲军人、一至四级残疾军人、现役军人的子女,按照国家和省的规定享受教育优待。




  第三十条 享受定期抚恤补助的退出现役的残疾军人、在乡复员军人、带病回乡退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、参战参核退役人员,凭有效证件和户籍所在地的区或者县(市)民政部门出具的证明,享受下列住房优待:
  (一)对具有经济适用住房购买资格,参与摇号未中号的,可在本次未被认购的经济适用住房中优先安排;
  (二)在城市国有土地上实施房屋征收时,给予一定数额的征收补偿优待,具体标准由市民政部门会同市财政部门、市住房保障和房产管理部门另行制定;
  (三)家居农村无力解决住房困难的,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)政府给予物质帮助、人力支持和资金补助。




  第三十一条 新接收的选择分散供养的一至四级残疾等级的义务兵和初级士官购(建)房所需经费,按照安置地经济适用住房平均价格和六十平方米的建筑面积确定。
  购(建)房所需经费除中央财政补助外,不足部分,市区的由市财政解决,县(市)的由县(市)财政解决。所购(建)房屋产权归分散供养的残疾军人所有。




  第三十二条 城镇户籍享受定期抚恤补助的退出现役的残疾军人、在乡复员军人、带病回乡退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、参战参核退役人员,符合热费减免条件的纳入市或者县(市)供热保障范围;生活确有困难的农村户籍的上述抚恤优待对象,由户籍所在地的区或者县(市)政府负责解决取暖燃煤。




  第三十三条 市区内享受定期抚恤补助的退出现役的残疾军人、在乡复员军人、带病回乡退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、参战参核退役人员死亡,办理丧事免除基本殡葬服务费用。




  第三十四条 现役军人随军家属就业安置按照市政府关于现役军人随军家属就业安置的文件执行。



  第四章 奖励和惩处



  第三十五条 对在军人抚恤优待工作中作出显著成绩的单位和个人,市和区、县(市)政府应当给予表彰和奖励。




  第三十六条 军人抚恤优待管理单位及其工作人员、参与军人抚恤优待工作的单位及其工作人员违反本办法,有下列情形之一的,由监察机关或者有权机关责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分:
  (一)不按规定程序发放有关证书、抚恤补助金或者办理抚恤优待手续的;
  (二)未在规定期限内发放有关证书、抚恤补助金或者办理抚恤优待手续的;
  (三)挤占、挪用、截留、私分军人抚恤优待经费的;
  (四)违反本办法需要追究责任的其他情形。




  第三十七条 负有军人优待义务的单位不履行优待义务的,由区或者县(市)民政部门责令限期履行义务;逾期仍未履行的,处以二千元以上一万元以下罚款。




  第三十八条 对采取欺骗手段获取抚恤优待资格和待遇的人员,经区或者县(市)民政部门审查核实,逐级报省民政部门批准后,取消其抚恤优待资格,并由区或者县(市)民政部门负责追回已发放的全部抚恤优待款物。



  第五章 附 则



  第三十九条 本办法所称复员军人、退伍军人、参战参核退役人员,按照《黑龙江省军人抚恤优待办法》的解释执行。




  第四十条 本办法自2012年7月1日起施行。1990年12月15日市人民政府发布的《哈尔滨市抚恤优待革命烈士家属军人家属和复员退伍军人办法》同时废止。




假肢与矫形器制作师执业资格注册办法

民政部


假肢与矫形器制作师执业资格注册办法


中华人民共和国民政部令第33号


《假肢与矫形器(辅助器具)制作师执业资格注册办法》已经2005年12月27日第六次部务会议通过,现予公布,自公布之日起施行。



部 长  李学举

二〇〇六年二月九日



第一条 为了加强对假肢与矫形器(辅助器具)制作师执业资格的注册登记管理,规范假肢与矫形器(辅助器具)制作师执业行为,依据《国务院对确需保留的行政审批项目设定行政许可的决定》(中华人民共和国国务院令第412号)规定,制定本办法。

第二条 本办法所称假肢与矫形器(辅助器具)制作师(以下简称制作师),是指经全国假肢制作师或者矫形器(辅助器具)制作师执业资格考试合格,并取得国务院人事部门和民政部门共同用印的《假肢制作师执业资格证书》或者《矫形器制作师执业资格证书》(以下简称制作师执业资格证书),在假肢和矫形器(辅助器具)生产装配企业从事专业技术业务的人员。

第三条 国务院民政部门主管全国制作师的注册登记管理工作,注册登记管理工作的具体事宜由中国假肢矫形器协会承办。

第四条 制作师应当在取得制作师执业资格证书后3个月内,向国务院民政部门(以下简称注册登记机构)申请办理制作师初始注册登记手续。

第五条 申请制作师初始注册登记的,必须同时具备下列条件:

(一)遵纪守法,恪守制作师职业道德;

(二)取得制作师执业资格证书;

(三)经所在执业单位审核同意;

(四)身体健康,能够在假肢和矫形器生产装配企业关键技术岗位工作。

第六条 申请制作师初始注册登记的,应当向注册登记机构提交下列材料:

(一)制作师注册登记申请书;

(二)与原件核对无误的制作师执业资格证书复印件;

(三)与原件核对无误的申请人身份证复印件;

(四)申请人所在执业单位考核合格证明;

(五)申请人与所在执业单位签订的聘用合同。

超过规定期限申请制作师初始注册登记的,除提交上述材料外,还应当提交注册登记机构认可的制作师通过刊授、自修、参加培训、业务研讨、学术交流等方式取得的继续教育、业务培训证明。超过规定期限1年以上申请制作师初始注册登记的,还应当提交实际操作考核合格的证明。

注册登记机构应当自收到申请材料后20个工作日内,作出准予注册登记或者不予注册登记的决定。准予注册登记的,核发注册证;不予注册登记的,应当书面说明理由。

第七条 有下列情形之一的,不予注册登记:

(一)属于无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的;

(二)在业务中有重大过失,过失之日至申请注册登记之日不满两年的;

(三)因年龄超过70周岁或者健康等原因不宜从事制作师业务的。

第八条 制作师初始注册登记后,应当于每年3月31日前向注册登记机构申请验证。申请验证可以通过信函、电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件等方式提出。申请验证的,应当提交注册登记机构认可的制作师每年通过刊授、自修、参加培训、业务研讨、学术交流等方式取得的不少于30学时的继续教育、业务培训证明;经所在单位考核合格的证明。

验证合格的,由注册登记机构在注册证上加盖验证专用章。

第九条 制作师执业资格证书初始注册登记的有效期限为3年,自注册登记之日起计算。制作师注册登记有效期满要求继续执业的,应当在注册登记有效期届满前3个月,向注册登记机构申请续期注册登记。

申请续期注册登记可以通过信函、电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件等方式提出。申请续期注册登记的,所提供的申请材料除初始注册登记规定的内容外,还应当提交本人工作总结、业绩证明,注册登记机构认可的制作师通过刊授、自修、参加培训、业务研讨、学术交流等方式取得的继续教育、业务培训证明。

注册登记机构应当自收到申请材料之日起20个工作日内,作出准予续期注册登记或者不准予续期注册登记的决定。准予续期注册登记的,有效期限为3年,重新核发注册证,收回原注册证。

第十条 制作师有下列情形之一的,不予验证或者续期注册登记:

(一)同时在两个假肢或者矫形器生产装配企业执业的;

(二)未在执业单位执业时间连续超过1年以上的;

(三)因违法执业或者因过失对当事人造成身体严重伤害的。

第十一条 制作师变更工作单位,应当在变更工作单位后两个月内向注册登记机构办理变更注册登记手续。

第十二条 本办法自发布之日起施行。



The Draft Constitution and Human Rights Protection in European Union

周大勇 (Zhou,Dayong)

1 the general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights
2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union
3 the new points in aspect of human rights in the draft constitution
3.1 common values
3.2 incorporation of the Charter of fundamental rights
3.3 other changes could affect the human rights
4 arisen questions
4.1 the protection different from under the Convention
4.2 the two courts system and its application
5 conclusions in a historical view




1 general introduction of the draft constitution in aspect of the human rights

“Conscious that Europe is a continent that has brought forth civilization; That its inhabitants, arriving in successive waves from earliest times, have gradually developed the values underlying humanism: equality of persons, freedom, respect for reason” Extract from the preamble to the draft Constitution

In past 16 years, the European Union (EU hereafter) has marked itself through a series of changes. From The Single European Act, in which the Union committed itself to create a single market and at the same time establish on its territory the freedom of movement of people, goods, services as well as capital, to Maastricht Treaty, which brought the Union into reality and led to common foreign policy and cooperation in the area of justice and internal affairs as a higher level cooperation among Member States. Then the following Amsterdam (1997) and Nice (2001) Treaties, strengthened cooperation in foreign and security policy and placed Justice and Home Affairs matters and established the frame for the Union as a legitimate institution, in which people from different nations integrated in a large region would have common historical direction and splendid future before them. Just before the door of enlargement of the Union, it was argued that the Union has to improve democracy and transparency as well as efficiency, in order to outlines the EU’s purpose and competence clearly and streamline structures so as to prevent paralysis, therefore a new constitution for the Union is determined to replace the EU's series of key treaties in passed over the last 50 years as a single document .

Under leading of former French President and master draftsman Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the European Convention set about its work of drafting the European Union's first ever full-fledged constitution. With the convention's work completed, the draft must now be finalized by an Intergovernmental Conference of European leaders that is expected to complete deliberations by the end of the 2003. As far as our topic is concerned, noticeably modifications come out in the constitution contract, first of all, the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which we will discuss later. In the beginning it is meaningful to consider the statues of the draft constitution in the progress course of the Union. The Union desires to bring peace and prosperity, to promote economic and social progress through continuously integrating market and expanding freedom under light of united institution and social systems . These goals, however, are the foundation of development and protection of human rights . That means, if we regard human rights as a series right which realized at first in peaceful and law-ruling society, then the Union has already kept on entrenching to appreciate these goal from beginning on, and now by means of perusing such goal in a larger region through enlargement, the EU’s influence extent to broader area and more people.

The draft constitution then in such context should be viewed as another historical phase in the process. Because the promoting of well-being and fortune of people depend not only on the development of economic situation and adding some single freedom clauses into the governmental documents, but also upon the entire politic system and background in which we live. Without governing based on democratic and effective institutional structure, and especially a ripe legislation and judiciary mechanism, the realization and protection of human rights could only be on the paper. This is also one of the motive caused the Declaration on the future of the European Union which committed the Union to becoming more democratic, more transparent and effective, in order to pave the way for a Constitution in response to the expectations of the people of Europe . In this perspective, one shall recognize the Constitution as a moving forward step of the whole EU institutionalization targeting its goal, so that to discuss the Constitution in connection with the human right protection, it is helpful to review the human rights protection in Europe and, especially in EU.

2 short review of the human rights protection in European Union

The protection of human rights has been internationally come to life in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (UDHR) with reorganization of disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind and respect for inherent dignity as well as the equal rights of all members of the human. This declaration states explicitly that the rights and freedoms of humans have to be guaranteed without distinction and destruction by any group, state or person. These principles were broadly accepted by European countries, considering the origin of the EU (EC) and the historical separation in Europe after WWII, we denote only the contracting countries of European Community.

For the Member States of EC, the Council of Europe has been up to now the most important instrument, which established in 1949 as a result of the Congress of Europe in The Hague , and took for the basic of the human rights protection. The Council accepted the principles of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and integrated it into The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights (the Convention hereafter), which and its 12 Protocols turned out to be the significant resource for Human Rights protection in Europe. Because of the existence of the Convention, the other two organizations established in the same age aftermath of the Second World War, i.e. OEEC and the European Communities didn’t include relevant clauses for Human Rights protection into their founding treaties. Since it was agreed at that time, the Council of Europe would focus on the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and democratic values, whereas the OECD and the European Communities were to be concerned with the economic restoration of Europe. The reason of separate organizations was based on a view to avoiding economic excuses for future inhumanity. Another reason came from the thought, which believed that the process of economic integration set forth in the Community Treaties could not lead to a violation of human rights. Furthermore, the original Member States in the Treaty of Rome feared, that the inclusion of a "bill of rights" in the Treaty might have brought about an undesirable expansion of Community powers, since it could lead Community institutions to interpret their powers as extending to anything not explicitly prohibited by the enumerated guarantees.

Under the regime of Council of Europe, a lots of achievement of human rights improvement has been reached , yet along with the development and expansion of EU, another mechanism on protection of human rights which does not totally rely on the Council of Europe has derived out on one hand, on the other hand being lack of provisions ruling human rights protection in the Treaty establishing EC did not prevent the EC and the later European Union from providing care for the protection against the violations on human rights. Naturally, how could a swelling supranational organization as EC, which has been continually strengthening its power in all social aspects, does not involve in human rights issues especially when the consciousness of human rights nowadays become more significant both in international and national stages? Regarding to EU, The protection system has been formed in three aspects.

First of all, the legislation in the Member States of EU. Since there were no Member States of EU (EC) which accedes to the Community without being a member of the Council of Europe, and according to the Convention, it impose obligations on the Member States that they should ensure that the internal laws and practices comply with the human rights standards set out in the instruments. Very member states in EU have recognize the principles derived from the Convention and incorporated them somehow into national laws, most importantly, provided constitutive protection as the basic legal resource for human rights protection. For example in Germany, Basic Law (Grundgesetz) Art 1 to 19 deliver explicit provisions even beyond the Convention; the same case as Part VIII (§71-85) in Constitution of Denmark ; in Britain the Act of Human Rights came into force on 2 October 2000 steers extending a ways, in which the Convention can be used before domestic courts. Certainly, according to the classic human rights lessons, the basic protection of human rights could only be afforded at the national level through national legislation and excise of authoritative power.

Secondly, the institutions and legislation at the EU level acts also with high respect to the human rights protection. The EU has showed its commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms and has explicitly confirmed the EU's attachment to fundamental social rights ever since its establishment.

The Amsterdam Treaty established procedures intended to secure their protection. It was ascertained, as a general principle, that the European Union should respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, upon which the Union is founded. For the first time a procedure is introduced, according to which severe and continuing violations of Fundamental Rights can lead to suspension of voting and other rights of a member state, if the Union determined the existence of a serious and persistent breach of these principles by that Member State. As to the Candidate countries, they should also respect these principles to join the Union. Furthermore, It has also given the European Court of Justice the power to ensure respect of fundamental rights and freedoms by the European institutions. In accordance with the inner requirement for the implementation of development cooperation operations, in order to reach objective of developing and consolidating democracy, EU also need its rule respecting for human rights. Such cases we have are for instance the EU Council’s regulation on human rights, Council Regulation (EC) No 975/199 and Council Regulation (EC) No 976/1999 for example, are aimed at providing technical and financial aid for operations to promote and protect of civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights etc.

Likewise, at their meeting in Cologne in June 1999, EU leaders declared that in respect to the current stage of progress of the European Union, the fundamental rights applicable at Union level should be pushed forward, namely be consolidated in a Charter and thereby made more evident. They argued, that the legal resources of human rights protection come from not only the European Convention of Human Right, but also from various international conventions drawn up by the Council of Europe as well as the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, they also include EU treaties themselves and from the case law of the European Court of Justice. As a result, a Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter hereinafter) was sketch out, which highlighted the EU’s respect for human rights, for fundamental freedoms and for the principle of democracy through listing more rights a more precise definition of the common values comparing the early documents including the Convention. We will continue to concentrate on the Charter in point 3 since it has been integrated in the draft Constitution as an outstanding achievement.

Finally, the opinion and case-law of European Court of Justice (ECJ hereafter) also have immense impact on the establishment of the instrument of human rights protection within EU.

Although the jurisprudence developed by the ECJ recognizes the Convention as the standard-setter in cases in which the Court has to consider and decide a human rights issue, since there were no relevant legislation existed in the frame of the Community, the ECJ furnish itself power in this aspect by means of case-law. Earlier in 1974, the ECJ first made reference to the ECHR in the Nold judgment, in which the ECJ emphasized its commitment to fundamental human rights based on the constitutional traditions of the Member States’ fundamental rights form an integral part of the general principles of law which the Court enforces. In assuring the protection of such rights, the Court is required to base itself on the constitutional traditions common to the Member States and therefore could not allow measures, which are incompatible with the fundamental rights recognized and guaranteed by the constitutions of such States. The ECJ declared, that the international treaties on the protection of human rights in which the Member States have cooperated or to which they have adhered could also supply indications which may be taken into account within the framework of Community law.

That implied, even without clear regulations in the treaties, the remedy against violation on human rights could also be provided within the framework of the Community in respect for the common traditions applied to the Member States, and in connection with we have mentioned about the Member States’ above, the principles and resource applied to the Member States derived from the Council of Europe. Thus a EU standard could be established by transform a rating comparison of the members’ legal systems to the case-law in ECJ in respect for human rights.